POISON IVY, OAK, & SUMAC

 Basic information

description

Poison ivy, oak, and sumac are three types of plants that cause a skin reaction (contact dermatitis). The reaction results from contact with an oily substance (or resin) produced by these plants. This particular type of allergic reaction is the most common one in the United States. About 50% of the total population has developed an allergy to these plants.

FREQUENT SIGNS & SYMPTOMS

• Skin rash with the following signs:
  • Bright red spots that develop 24 to 48 hours (sometimes may take several days) after contact.
  • Weeping, crusting, and swelling.
  • Intense itching and burning.
  • Blisters (the fluid in blisters is not contagious).
  • Enough of the oily resin remains on hands or clothing so that the rash is carried to other body parts, such as the face or genitals.

causes

Contact with any part of the poison ivy, poison oak, or poison sumac plants. They grow as vines or bushes and have three leaves (poison ivy and poison oak), or a row of paired leaves (poison sumac). They produce a potent oil (urushiol) that is the cause of the problem. A reaction may also occur from touching the poison substance when it is on clothing, equipment (e.g., hunting, golfing, or athletic), or animals, such as pets. It can also come from any smoke these plants give off if they are burned. This may affect the face, eyelids, throat, and lungs.

risk increases with

• Spring and summer (though plants are dangerous year round).
• Not wearing protective clothing.

PREVENTIVE MEASURES

• Learn to identify and avoid contact with these plants.
• When walking in areas where these plants grow, wear shoes, socks, long pants, long-sleeved shirts, and, sometimes, gloves. Wash this clothing right after you return if possible. Use a product that prevents the poison from getting on your skin.
• If you are exposed, washing the skin immediately (within 30 minutes) with soap and water and sponging with rubbing alcohol may prevent the rash.

expected outcomes

Itching, redness, and swelling are often improved by the second day, and complete healing occurs within 7 to 14 days.

possible complications

A skin infection may develop.

 diagnosis & treatment

general measures

• Sweating and heat make the itching worse, so try to stay cool.
• Apply cool compresses to the affected area.
• A soothing bath helps. Use Aveeno (a product made of oatmeal) or baking soda (about a half cup per bath).
• Wash all clothing and shoes, and any equipment that came in contact with the plant oils, with soap and water.
• Give pets a warm, soapy bath to remove any oil from the fur.
• Consult your health care provider if rash is severe or does not improve. The diagnosis can be confirmed and if needed, drugs may be prescribed.
• To learn more: CDC—National Institute for Occupational Safety & Health; (800) 232-4636: website: www.cdc.gov/niosh/topics/plants.

medications

• You may use calamine lotion to relieve the itching.
• Oral antihistamines may be helpful also.
• Your health care provider may prescribe topical or oral steroid drugs for severe symptoms.

activity

No limits. Avoid activities that can cause sweating. This can worsen itching.

diet

No special diet.

 notify our office if

• You or a family member has a severe rash.
• If swelling or pain develops around the eyes, nose, or genitals.
• Rash gets worse or doesn't improve with self-care methods.

Special Notes: