Information From Your Health Care Provider

MENINGITIS, ASEPTIC

(Viral Meningitis)

Basic information

description

Aseptic meningitis is an inflammation of the thin membranes (meninges) and fluid surrounding the brain and spinal cord. It is more common in group settings such as young children in daycare, football team members, college students, and people who live in group care facilities. Aseptic meningitis is usually mild. Bacterial meningitis is different and much more serious.

FREQUENT SIGNS & SYMPTOMS

Fever and/or chills.
Headache, sometimes severe.
Irritability.
Eyes become more sensitive to light.
Stiff neck.
Vomiting.
Confusion, lethargy, and drowsiness.
Seizures may rarely occur.

causes

While this disorder is most often caused by a virus, other types of germs can be the cause. The most common cause is a group of viruses called enteroviruses. Less often, herpes virus, West Nile virus, mumps virus, HIV, and other viruses may be the cause. Germs are spread by contact with an infected person, or touching an object with germs on it and then touching the mouth, nose, or eyes.
Other causes include tuberculosis, various fungi, certain diseases, parasites, exposure to certain chemicals, and some drugs.

risk increases with

Weak immune system due to illness or drugs.
Group homes, daycare, or schools where outbreaks may occur.
Health care workers.

PREVENTIVE MEASURES

Keep immunizations up-to-date against viruses such as mumps, measles, and chickenpox. Currently, there is no vaccine for the enteroviruses.
Wash hands carefully to prevent the spread of any type of germs.

expected outcomes

Most patients recover fully in 5 to 14 days. In some people, symptoms such as fatigue or lightheadedness may persist longer.

possible complications

Complications are rare. They may occur in those with weak immune systems or the very young.

diagnosis & treatment

general measures

Your health care provider will do a physical exam and ask about your symptoms and activities. Medical tests may include blood studies, cerebrospinal fluid studies, a stool culture, and others to confirm the diagnosis.
There is no specific drug therapy for most viruses. The body defenses will normally cure the disorder. Treatment involves getting extra bed rest, treating symptoms such as fever, and drinking fluids.
If symptoms are severe, hospital care may be needed.

medications

Nonprescription drugs for fever, nausea, or minor pain may be used.
Antibiotics may be given if there is a possibility the meningitis is caused by a bacterial infection.
Drugs may be prescribed for other causes of the meningitis once they are identified.

activity

Rest in bed in a darkened room. Resume your normal activities as soon as symptoms improve.
Children should stay home from school or daycare until symptoms improve.