Information From Your Health Care Provider

LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS, SYSTEMIC

Basic information

description

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an inflammatory disease that affects various parts of the body. It can involve the joints, skin, kidneys, brain, heart, and lungs. SLE can affect all ages and both sexes, but 90% of cases occur in women between ages 20 and 45.

FREQUENT SIGNS & SYMPTOMS

Lupus symptoms often flare up and then subside.
Joint aches or pain, with redness and swelling.
Fever and fatigue.
Skin rash. Butterfly-like rash on the cheeks.
Anemia (pale skin and feeling weak).
Chest pain (with deep breathing).
Increased sensitivity to the sun.
Hair loss.
Ulcers (sores) in the mouth or the nose.
Seizures.

causes

Unknown. Both genetic (hereditary) and environmental factors may contribute. It is thought to be an autoimmune disorder. In these disorders, the immune system attacks the body itself by mistake. The disease cannot be spread from one person to another.

risk increases with

Females.
Family history of lupus.
Having other autoimmune disorders.
Smoking.
Genetic factors (occurs more in Blacks, Hispanics Native Americans, Native Hawaiians, and Asians).
Certain drugs can cause an SLE-like syndrome.

PREVENTIVE MEASURES

Cannot be prevented at present.

expected outcomes

SLE is currently considered incurable. 20% to 30% of the cases are mild and may have only a skin rash. The majority of cases have continued remissions, flares, and relapses. The flares or relapses may occur 2 to 3 times a year. Many patients lead a normal lifestyle while in remission. Symptoms can often be relieved or controlled with treatment.

possible complications

Anemia (often due to iron deficiency).
Blood disorders and blood vessel disorders.
Complications may occur in the heart, lung, gastrointestinal system, kidneys, joint/muscle/bone, nervous system, and eyes.
Unable to continue regular job; changes are needed in working conditions.
Pregnancies in SLE patients are considered high-risk.

diagnosis & treatment

general measures

Your health care provider will do a physical exam and ask questions about your symptoms and activities. Medical tests include samples of blood to measure specific antibodies. Patients with vague, recurrent symptoms may require long-term observation and repeated testing before a final diagnosis can be made.
Treatment steps depend on the extent and severity of the disorder. Drugs are usually prescribed to treat the condition, as well as the symptoms and complications.
Obtain prompt medical treatment for any infection.
Avoid sun exposure or use protection of hats, sunglasses, sunscreens, and long-sleeved clothing.
Don't smoke. Find a way to quit that works for you.
Apply heat or ice to relieve joint pain.
Control the stress in your life. Learn relaxation techniques or obtain counseling if needed.
Talk to your health care provider if you are thinking about becoming pregnant.
Get regular medical and dental check-ups.
To learn more: Lupus Foundation of America, 2000 L St., NW, Suite 710, Washington, DC 20036; (800) 558-0121; website: www.lupus.org.

medications

Drugs to suppress the immune system, steroid and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, hormones, or antimalarial drugs may be prescribed. These relieve symptoms but don't cure the disease. Other drugs may be prescribed depending on specific complications.

activity

Remain as active as possible. Extra rest may be needed. Exercises can help to retain range-of-motion. Exercise does not improve joint aches or fatigue.
Physical therapy may be recommended.